Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis (XGC) masquerading as gallbladder cancer is not uncommon. Imaging modalities have
their own limitations in the diagnosis of XGC and the final confirming diagnosis is by histopathology. Unnecessary radical
resections, increased cost, higher morbidity and mortality rates are also associated with XGC. We present a case of obstructive
jaundice primarily due to periampullary tumor but complicated by XGC, creating a diagnostic dilemma and shifting the focus
to gall bladder carcinoma (GBC) preoperatively. The index case is about how this mystery was resolved and treated successfully.