Abstract

Breast cancer affects more than one million patients annually in the world and is a leading cause of mortality. Histological type, grade, tumor size, lymph node involvement, and estrogen receptor and HER-2 receptor status, all influence prognosis and the probability of response to systemic therapies. Purpose: The aim of this current review is to emphasize possible links between alterations of the P-53 gene together with its protein in pathological features of breast cancer. Method: New means were being investigated to promote a stronger anti-oncogene response, using both RNA-based p53 vaccines and the likelihood of response to specific oncological therapies. Results: Genetics studies shown that mutant p53 status was a strongly unfavorable prognostic factor for relapse-free survival and overall survival only in a triple negative group in patients treated with adjuvant anthracycline-containing chemotherapy. The adjuvanted vaccine induced the type T I cells helper response in most patients. However, the response has not yet been shown to be strong enough to be beneficial as monotherapy and most patients have had T-helper cells that have failed to produce effective cytokines to kill cancer cells. The results of these studies provided a justification for attempts to discover and apply new vaccines to cancer patients using p53-derived peptides. Conclusions: Recent studies have shown that the condition of the mutant P-53 gene was an unfavorable prognostic factor for the survival of patients without relapses in BC in the group with triple negative forms of BC in patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy.